Ahlem Karbab, Noureddine Charef, Andika Pramudya Wardana, Muhammad Ikhlas Abdjan, Ashok K. Shakya, Nanik Siti Aminah
Paronychia capitata L. (PC) and Paronychia argentea L. (PA) are traditionally used in Algerian folk medicine to treat various ailments, including urolithiasis, diabetes, bladder disorders, and gastric ulcers. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as the acute oral toxicity of aqueous and ethanol extracts from both species. Qualitative phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, and sugars in the extracts. Quantitative assays were preformed to determine the total phenol and total flavonoids contents. At the same time, results from LC-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of ascorbic acid and phenolic substances including quercetin, and other phenolic and flavonoid components in the extracts. In vitro antidiabetic activity, assessed via α-glucosidase inhibition, revealed potent effects of P. argentea aqueous and ethanolic extracts, with an IC50 values of 20.62 ± 3.60 μg/mL and 26.90 ± 3.34 μg/mL, respectively. All extracts demonstrated strong antioxidant activity. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity, evaluated through protein denaturation inhibition, showed substantial effects for all extracts. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity, as assessed using the xylene-induced ear edema model, demonstrated significant inhibition by ethanol extracts of both species, with P. capitata (PCEE) and P. argentea (PAEE) exhibiting 79.01 ± 3.52 % and 79.94 ± 4.63 % inhibition, respectively. Acute oral toxicity tests indicated that the extracts were safe up to 2 g/kg body weight, with no observed mortality or behavioral changes in mice. These findings support the ethnomedicinal use of Paronychia species and highlight their potential as sources of bioactive compounds for therapeutic applications. © 2025 The Authors.
Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Nature and Life Science, Setif-l University Ferhat Abbas, 19000, Algeria; Postdoc Fellow Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Komplek Kampus C, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Surabaya State University, Surabaya, Indonesia; Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, 19328, Jordan; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Komplek Kampus C UNAIR, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia; Biotechnology of Tropical Medicinal Plants Research Group, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia
