Kurnia Paranita Kartika Riyanti, Eko Setijadi, Nurhayati Nurhayati, Gamantyo Hendrantoro
Conventional Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) antenna designs typically employ dual-feed configurations or even pairs of separate antennas to detect subsurface objects with various orientations, which increases system size and circuit complexity. To overcome these limitations, this study proposes a compact single-feed dual-aperture Vivaldi antenna that eliminates the need for two antenna elements and separate feedlines. The antenna integrates a coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission line and a dual-stub configuration to achieve wideband performance, high gain, and optimal radiation efficiency. The fabricated prototype, with a compact size of 80 × 80 × 1.6 mm3, exhibits measured impedance bandwidths of 0.7-2.2 GHz and 3.2-4.7 GHz, while simulation predicts a continuous 0.5-5 GHz bandwidth, a peak gain of 11.44 dBi in simulation and 10.25 dBi in measurement, a radiation efficiency of 91.53% in simulation and 82% in measurement. The antenna was experimentally tested for target detection at orientations of 0°, 45°, and 90° relative to the antenna. The measured depth estimations were 29.3 cm, 27.9 cm, and 28.7 cm, respectively, for an object buried at an actual depth of 30 cm. In comparison, the single-aperture antenna could only detect the target in the parallel orientation, with an estimated depth of 32.5 cm. These results confirm that the proposed dual-aperture single-feed configuration significantly enhances sensitivity to target orientation while simplifying the antenna system design, making it a practical and effective solution for portable GPR applications such as geological surveys, landmine detection, and infrastructure assessment. © 2002-2011 IEEE.
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Department of Electrical Engineering, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia; Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Department of Electrical Engineering, Surabaya, 60231, Indonesia
