Sukarmin Sukarmin, Anjas Bimanyu
Critical thinking, an essential competency for the 21st century, denotes the ability for logical and rational reasoning. Critical thinking underpins science, especially in chemistry; both field investigations and prior research indicate that students' critical thinking regarding reduction and oxidation reactions remains underdeveloped. In order to improve conceptual comprehension, foster students' critical thinking, and connect the three levels of representation in chemistry, visualization tools are essential. This research evaluates how effectively the Redox Animation program helps students develop their critical thinking skills regarding oxidation-reduction processes. To perform normalized gain, correlation, and regression analyses, the study used a one-group pre-test and post-test preexperimental design. It also assessed improvements in students' critical thinking abilities, examined how the Redox Animation application affected these improvements, and looked into other influencing factors. The results demonstrated that the Redox Animation program effectively enhanced students' critical thinking abilities, with N-gain ratings classified as medium and high. Correlation and regression analysis revealed a statistically significant correlation and substantial contribution. © 2026 Sukarmin Sukarmin & Anjas Bimanyu; published by UIKTEN. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 License.
Department of Chemistry Education, Universitas Negeri, East Java, Surabaya, Indonesia
