Nurina R. Ramadhania, Sapti Puspitarini, First A. Wati
Sauropus androgynus is generally known as a cultivated plant with diverse pharmacological properties due to its various active chemical compounds. However, scientific reports on the phytochemical content and bioactivity screening of S. androgynus extracts are still limited. This study aims to determine the diversity of compounds in various S. androgynus leaf extracts, as well as their antibacterial activity. The extraction process uses solvents with different polarities (methanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane) through the maceration method. The metabolites profile of the extracts was performed through comprehensive descriptive-quantitative liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Evaluation of antibacterial activity using microdilution test was carried out on Escherichia coli (ATCC 11229), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), and Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 14028) to obtain the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), followed by in silico molecular docking of selected compounds with bacterial proteins. The results of LC-MS analysis showed that there were 187 metabolites in various of S. androgynus leaf extracts. These compounds included phenolics, flavonoids, polyphenols, terpenoids, alkaloids, saccharides, and glycosides. The polarity of the extraction solvent was found to influence the diversity and abundance of the extracted compounds. Although, all extracts showed weak antibacterial activity in vitro, molecular docking analysis showed that the compounds chlorogenic acid and hypophyllanthin had strong binding affinity to bacteria target proteins in E. coli. These findings demonstrate the importance of selecting the solvent used in extracting bioactive compounds and support the potential of S. androgynus as a source of natural antibacterial drug candidates. © 2025 Ramadhania et al. and 2025 the authors.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Jl. Ketintang Gayungan, East Java, Surabaya, 60231, Indonesia; Department of Science Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Jl. Ketintang Gayungan, East Java, Surabaya, 60231, Indonesia
