Engracia Natalia de Sena Soares, Teguh Hari Suciopto, Rizky Danang Susetyo, Rudiana Agustini, Mamik Damayanti, Nuniek Herdyastuti, Harsasi Setyawati, Wahyu Setyarini, Arif Nur Muhammad Ansori, Hariyono Hariyono
One of the main public health issues with increasing morbidity and mortality rates in tropical countries like Indonesia is dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Antiviral treatments are still unobtainable and the curative value of current vaccines is limited. Many bioactive compounds, including flavonoids and tannins, identified in the tropical fruit Psidium guajava, which are utilized extensively in traditional medicine, have shown possible antiviral, antibacterial, and antioxidant effects. The focus of this research is to determine Psidium guajava extract's antiviral activity against DENV-1, cytotoxic effects on Vero cells, and antibacterial activity towards Escherichia coli. The extract was tested on DENV-1 in Vero cells using the Viral ToxGlo™ assay, and the selectivity index (SI) was determined by using the IC50. The CellTiter 96Ò Aqueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay method was applied for cytotoxicity tests, while the disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton Agar was utilized for testing the antibacterial effect towards Escherichia coli. With an IC50 value of 67.74 µg/mL, the findings suggest that guava extract effectively inhibits DENV-1 replication. The level of cytotoxicity of this extract against Vero cells showed a good result, namely <200 µg/mL, which can be categorized as moderate cytotoxicity. Also, the Psidium guava extract indicated antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli, at a concentration of 100 mg/mL with an inhibition zone of 4.6 to 5.0 mm. Based on these findings, Psidium guajava extract has the potential to be a natural therapeutic substance with a good safety record towards antiviral, cytotoxicity and antibacterial effects. © 2026 Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia; Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Science, Institute Superior Cristal, Dili, Timor-Leste; Dengue Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Doctoral Program in Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Akademi Farmasi Mitra Sehat Mandir Sidoarjo, Sidoarjo, Indonesia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Gastroenteritis Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Postgraduade School Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
