Fitriari Izzatunnisa Muhaimin, Sari Edi Cahyaningrum, Andika Pramudya Wardana, Amalia Putri Purnamasari, Misni Bin Misran
Nanoencapsulation of C. longa extract with carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCs) was formulated to prevent its bioactive deterioration in anti-dengue and anticancer activities. The particle size of Cl-NPs was measured at 462.5 ± 10.87 nm with a PDI value of 0.28 ± 0.05 which indicates homogeneous particle size distribution. Cl-NPs were observed to be stable at 30-100° C but less stable at high pH and salt concentrations. Cl-NPs had a %LE of 19.77 ± 7.46% and %LC of 39.54 ± 14.91%. The release of Cl-NPs at pH 2, was observed at 2.89 ± 0.33%; at pH 7, it was 8.50 ± 0.98%; and at pH 8.5, it was 5.89 ± 0.40%. The best release was observed at pH 7. Anticancer activity against the MCF-7 cell line showed that Cl-NPs had better inhibitory activity compared to C. longa. Cl-NPs had an EC50 value of 4.75 ± 0.42 µg/mL, while C. longa had 33.03 ± 7.20 µg/mL. C. longa extract and Cl-NPs exhibited anti-dengue activity with EC50 values of 54.09 ± 11.84 and 9.02 ± 0.00 µg/mL, respectively. Based on the selectivity index (SI), Cl-NPs are more selective than the C. longa extract. Proven to improve bioavailability and controlled release, C. longa extract nanoencapsulation enables precise targeting of bioactive compounds to enhance bioactivity. © 2026 by SPC (Sami Publishing Company).
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, East Java, Surabaya, Indonesia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, East Java, Surabaya, Indonesia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Malaya, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
