Suhartono
The aim of this study is to analyze the forms of utterance implicated conversation in the former center of the capital city of Majapahit in East Java-Indonesia. This is an ethnographic communication-related study which involved 47 participants consisting of 32 men and 15 women selected on the basis of normal physical and psychological criteria, adults, non-migrants, educated at least high school, and productive in communication. The data were collected using the recording and note-taking devices. Then the collected data were analyzed with an explanatory comparative technique with Miles and Huberman's flow analysis techniques. The results show that the forms of utterance implied conversational consist of (1) hedge utterances, (2) performative deletion utterances, (3) expanded performative utterances, (4) oratioobliqua utterances, (5) hybrid utterances, (6) reference utterance and attributes, (7) indexical utterances, (8) preference utterances, (9) conditional illocutionary utterances, and (10) negated utterances. Each form of utterance has a characteristic which is unique. The uniqueness of these forms of utterance is a reflection of differences in communication performance between speakers with one another. The difference in performance is influenced by differences in the context and purpose of communication. It shows that each form of utterance is the chosen form used by speakers in accordance with the demands of the context and purpose of communication. © 2020 Asian E F L Journal Press. All rights reserved.
Surabaya State University, Lidah Wetan Street, Surabaya, Indonesia
