N. Kusumawati, E. Rahmadyanti, M.M. Sianita
October 2, 2009, became a historic day for the Indonesian people. On that date, the UNESCO recognized batik as a humanitarian legacy for oral and nonmaterial cultures native to Indonesia. Batik is now not just a culture but has transformed into a world-class business. This is reflected from the export value that reaching hundreds of millions of US dollars. But in its development, this industry presents a positive and negative impact simultaneously like two sides of a blade for sustainable development in Indonesia. The application of dyes resist in certain parts of the motif has produced patterned fabrics with high economic value on one side and the production of waste which is dominated by heavy metal, suspended solids, or organic compounds that are difficult to degrade on the other side. This burden is exacerbated by the fact that the water consumptive nature of this industry has produced a large amount of wastewater with high toxicity so that it becomes the water pollution main source which is very dangerous because of its mutagenic and carcinogenic properties to living things, especially humans and animals. Increased awareness of environmental sustainability and health has triggered efforts to overcome these negative impacts through the application of natural dyeing, dyes resist reuse, and pad steam dyeing method to provide less water and hazardous chemical compounds dyeing as well as the application of several wastewater treatment methods which is expected to minimize environmental burden. This chapter explains the batik industry development as the most important creative industries in Indonesia as well as the various effects that accompany it and its prevention efforts. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia; Water and Irrigation Laboratory, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
