Nugrahani Primary Putri, Nazella Marva Ardani, Munasir, Zainul Arifin Imam Supardi, Frida Ulfah Ermawati, Diah Hari Kusumawati, Evi Suaebah, Wafa Maftuhin, Akhiruddin
Ammonia (NH3) is a toxic gas that must be detected at low concentrations at room temperature. This study synthesized a polyaniline/zinc oxide (PANI/ZnO) composite via an in situ polymerization method, using ZnO prepared via green synthesis from pineapple peel waste. The composite was then applied to a printed circuit board (PCB) substrate with interdigitation electrodes and characterized using XRD, FTIR, and SEM-EDX. The sensor test results showed that PANI/ZnO with 0.3 g ZnO added provided the highest sensitivity of 79% at 4 ppm NH3, higher than that of pure PANI (61%). The sensor also showed a fast response time (20–29 s), a recovery time of 61–79 s, and good stability in repeated tests. This performance improvement resulted from the synergistic effect of the p–n heterojunction between PANI (p-type) and ZnO (n-type). This study confirms that the environmentally friendly PANI/ZnO composite has excellent potential to be developed as a low-concentration NH3 sensor at room temperature with sustainable and cost-effective application prospects. © 2026 Wiley-VCH GmbH.
Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia; Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
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