Heni Natalia Aritonang, Andi Mushawwir, S Irma Susanti, Achmad Muzakky Dityana
Environmental aspects that are generally problematic for local poultry are feed and the physical environment. The feed provided is expected to increase the productivity of local ducks in West Java. Temperatures above the comfort zone for laying ducks (19-220C) induce oxidative stress, impairing optimal production. The “Three in One” strategy features a unified feed formulation augmented with feed additives that provides three concurrent advantages: reducing oxidative stress triggered by elevated environmental temperatures, enhancing the performance of local West Javanese ducks, and generating eggs with increased antioxidant levels. This study aims to determine the effects of providing active substances and micronutrients with potential as additives. Ninety laying phase Cihateup ducks were used as samples in vivo tests at various levels of feed. This study was designed as an experimental study using a t-test. Treatments consisted of two: P1 with feed additives (a combination of flavonoids, methionine, linoleate, and allicin, each at 0.5 mL/kg bw) and P2 without feed additives. Each treatment unit consisted of 45 ducks. Observations were made on blood biochemistry, production performance, ileum histopathology, HSP and 3β-HSD mRNA expression. The results of the study showed that the biochemical condition of the blood of ducks with the provision of feed additives showed a good profile (P <0.05), namely uric acid 10.67 g/dL, urea 1.89 g/dL, albumin 2.75 g/dL, total protein 1.94 g/dL, glucose 244.18 g/dL, Triglycerides 101.89 g/dL, Reticulocyte count 6.15%, MDA 1.15 nm/M-1cm-1, the performance of ducks that received different feed additives was very significantly higher (P<0.01), namely an average HDP of 83.97%, an average egg weight of 85.76 g, shell thickness of 0.31 mm, an average hatchability of 89.45%, the response to histopathology showed a significant difference (P <0.01), namely the number of ileal villi (per field of view) 10x10 cm was 12.97, the average height of the ileal villi was 385.76 μm, the number of Peyer’s plaques was 8.11, the height of Peyer’s plaques was 38.93 μm, and the expression of HSP and 3β-HSD mRNA, namely HSP was 2.25 ng/dL, 3β-HSD mRNA was 7.86 ng/dL and Catalase was 2.06 μL/dL. The feed additive primarily provides heat-stress resilience by boosting antioxidant defenses, thereby reducing oxidative damage at the cellular level and maintaining intestinal integrity and hormonal function, ultimately supporting productivity during thermal stress. © 2026 by the authors. Licensee ResearchersLinks Ltd, England, UK.
Department of Animal Biosciences, Faculty of Food Security, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Jl. Prof. Dr. Moestopo, No 4 Surabaya, East Java, 60131, Indonesia; Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Padjadjaran University, Jalan Ir. Soekarno Km. 21 Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia; Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Fisheries, Universitas Sulawesi Barat, Sulawesi Barat, Indonesia
