Renny S. Dewi, Riska Dhenabayu, Andika Kusmiantono, Octaviana S. Dewi, Linda T. Widianti, Elva K. Asta, Jonathan H. Januarta, Arza D. Asmaradana, Aprilia P. Pratiwi
This study explores the application of the early COSMIC Accurate early-stage cost estimation is crucial for successful software project management. This study presents a structured approach to predicting software development costs using the Early COSMIC method applied to sequence diagrams. Unlike traditional methods that require detailed specifications, Early COSMIC enables functional size measurement from initial design artifacts by quantifying data movements—Entry, Exit, Read, and Write. This functional size is then converted into estimated effort and monetary cost by integrating standard labor pay rates. The proposed method was validated through case studies involving real-world software projects, with results showing a high level of estimation accuracy based on functional size metrics. These findings confirm the method’s effectiveness for early cost prediction from 3 case studies, making it particularly valuable in agile and iterative development environments. This approach provides both theoretical and practical contributions by extending early COSMIC’s applicability and equipping project managers with an effective tool for early budgeting and resource planning in software project management. © 2026 International Association of Engineers.All rights reserved
Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, 60231, Indonesia; Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia
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