Wilda Welis, Angga Febrinaldo, Donie, Nurul Ihsan, Deby Tri Mario, Anton Komaini, Muhamad Sazeli Rifki, Padli, Novadri Ayubi, Endang Sepdanius, Bekir Erhan Orhan, Aydin Karacam, Zsolt Németh
Problem Statement: Imagery is commonly used to enhance psychological aspects and improve specific skills in sports. However, determining the most effective type of imagery based on varying levels of self-confidence still needs to be explored. Purpose: This research aims to analyze the impact of imagery training and self-confidence on shooting skills in futsal. Methods: A factorial experiment employing a two-way ANOVA design was used to explore two types of imagery perspectives, internal and external, and two levels of self-confidence, high and low. The study involved 44 male senior high school students randomly selected from classes X and XI participating in futsal extracurricular activities (age: 16.76 ± 0.43 years, weight: 64.80 ± 2.84 kg, and height: 167.64 ± 2.54 cm). Participants were divided into four treatment groups for internal and external imagery training based on their level of self-confidence. The imagery training was implemented for ± 4 weeks with a frequency of 3 weekly meetings. Self-confidence data was obtained from questionnaires and shooting skills from the penalty kick test. Then, two-way ANOVA and Tukey's advanced test were used to analyze it (Sig. < 0.05). Result: External imagery training is better than internal imagery for shooting skills in futsal (Sig. < 0.05), where the average is A2 (28.68) > A1 (27.68). A significant interaction between imagery training and self-confidence was also found (Sig. < 0.05). The results of shooting skills in futsal that apply external imagery training are better than internal imagery for participants who have a high level of self-confidence (Sig. < 0.05), where the average is A2B1 (30.45) > A1B1 (28.00). Then, participants who had a low level of self-confidence showed that there was no significant difference between the two imagery exercises applied (Sig. > 0.05). However, the results of shooting skills in futsal will be better if internal imagery training is applied for participants with low levels of self-confidence, where the average is A1B2 (27.36) > A2B2 (26.91). Conclusions: External imagery exercises are more appropriate for participants with high self-confidence, and both imagery exercises can be applied for participants with low self-confidence. However, the results will be better for internal imagery. © JPES.
Department of Health and Recreation, Faculty of Sports Science, University Negeri Padang, Indonesia; Department of Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science, University Negeri Padang, Indonesia; Department of Coaching, Faculty of Sports Science, University Negeri Padang, Indonesia; Doctoral Program of Sports Science, Faculty of Sports Science, University Negeri Padang, Indonesia; Department of Sports Education, Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, University Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia; Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Istanbul Aydın University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Sports Management, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University, Bandırma, Turkey; Department of Sports, Faculty of Sciences Institute of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
