Fifinella, Fajar Arianto
This paper synthesizes the importance of honing spatial thinking skills early through STEM learning integrated with architecture (a subject that studies space itself). This approach was taken in response to the phenomenon: of preparing the future global generation who are digital natives for the rapid development of the metaverse. This literature review focuses on empirical and theoretical findings that discuss the following points: cognitive theories of spatial development, the importance of spatial thinking skills, and the potential for STEM Architecture interventions from an early age to hone spatial thinking skills. The findings show there is potential that spatial thinking skills training can be effectively increased through STEM Architecture education. However, this analytical literature review also highlights research gaps, such as the absence of architecture in various STEM education frameworks. Additionally, there is a noticeable lack of attention given to fostering spatial thinking in K-12 curricula, despite global demands emphasizing its importance. Researchers recommend further exploration in this field, conducted extensively across various locations and demographics, to raise awareness of the importance of fostering this skill from an early age. This effort will deepen knowledge about the complexity of spatial thinking skills, particularly in identifying suitable spatial thinking tests tailored to specific needs. © 2026 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved.
Department of Education, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
