Mochamad A Irfa'i, Wolfgang W Schmahl, Yustina M Pusparizkita, Stefanus Muryanto, Antonius Prihanto, Rifky Ismail, J. Jamari, Athanasius P Bayuseno
A hydrothermal method for exploring the benefits of a low-cost calcium carbonate precursor generated by mineral carbonation of green mussel wastes was in the study for synthesizing carbonated hydroxyapatite at various temperatures. Two typical precipitated calcium carbonates identified include vaterite and calcite particles formed by previous direct mineral carbonation. The hydrothermal assisted solution at an initial pH of 5–6, containing calcium carbonate precursor and diammonium hydrogen phosphate with a Ca/P ratio of 1.67, was autoclaved for carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) growth for 24 h at 50, 70, 90, and 110 °C and then allowed to air cool naturally. The hydrothermally obtained powder was subjected to additional analytical evaluation, including XRD, FTIR, and SEM/EDX analysis, providing that the crystal structure, carbonate content, and lattice constants of the A- and B-type CHA formed by varying hydrothermal temperature agreed very well with the A- and B-type carbonated hydroxyapatite as reported in the literature. The hydrothermal process could produce more than 90 wt.% of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (17–26 nm) with minor monetite and calcite. These experimental findings may aid in synthesizing A- and B-type CHA for medical applications such as bone and enamel. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia; Department of Geo-and Environmental Science, Ludwig Maximillian University of Munich, Germany; Department of Environmental Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Chemical Engineering, UNTAG University in Semarang, Indonesia; Vocational Chemical Engineering Program, Catholic Polytechnic Mangunwijaya, Semarang, Indonesia
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