Darmono, Rizal Justian Setiawan, Khakam Ma'Ruf, Mike Yuchuan Shen, Viola Indriana Sofie, Fatimatuzzahro
The use of paperless methods in teaching management is necessary to achieve resource savings and sustainability. Although paperless methods offer clear ecological benefits, including reducing deforestation, waste, and carbon emissions, but adoption among Indonesian educators remains uneven. To elucidate the psychological and contextual drivers of paperless teaching, this study integrated the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) such as attitude (AT), perceived behavioral control (PBC), and subjective norm (SN) with three external factors, such as environmental awareness (EA), environmental knowledge (EK), and governmental support and regulations (GSR), into a comprehensive Pro-Environmental Behavior (PEB) framework. A survey of 203 Indonesian educators conducted collected data on these latent constructs. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to assess both direct and mediated relationships. Measurement model results confirmed reliability and convergent validity, while the structural model demonstrated excellent fit. SEM results reveal significant direct and indirect relationships among the factors. Results reveal that EA, EK, and GSR each positively influence AT, PBC, and SN. AT can predict SN and PBC strongly and PBC had a robust direct effect on the intention (IT) to adopt paperless methods. Mediation analyses indicated that IT significantly mediated the effects of both PBC and EA on behavior. These findings underscore the necessity of enhancing environmental literacy, risk awareness, and institutional support to foster positive attitudes and self-efficacy among educators. Practical recommendations include targeted professional development, investment in reliable digital infrastructure, and policy incentives to consolidate social norms around paperless teaching. © 2025 IEEE.
Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Civil Engineering and Planning Education, Faculty of Engineering, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; National Chung Hsing University, College of Law and Politics, Dept. of IMP Asia and China Studies, Taichung, Taiwan; Universitas Gadjah Mada, Faculty of Engineering, Dept. of Industrial Engineering, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; National Chung Hsing University, Graduate Institute of Professional Development for Educators, Taichung, Taiwan; Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Faculty of Vocational, Dept of Applied Culinary Education, Surabaya, Indonesia
