Maria Monica Sianita Basukiwardojo, Nita Kusumawati, Mahanani Tri Asri, Shod Abdurrachman Dzulkarnain, Achmad Naufal Al Hafidl, Ashabul Kahfi, Mutiara Azfa Nabila, Ferdiansyah Setiawan, Luthfiyah Isyrak, Khofifatul Rahmawati
This research aims to optimize keratin extraction from duck feathers using an eco-friendly ionic liquid-ultrasound-assisted extraction (IL-UAE) method and evaluate its potential applications in tissue engineering. It investigated the effects of deposition pH (1-6), ultrasonication temperature (40-60°C), and time (60-180 min) on extraction yield and physicochemical properties. The results demonstrated the optimal extraction conditions at pH 3, 40°C, and 60 minutes, yielding 82% keratin with a 0.50 mg/mL concentration, while the lowest yield production was found at pH 6 (33%, 0.20 mg/mL). Meanwhile, characterization via FTIR confirmed predominant β-sheet structures with characteristic peaks at 3250-3300 cm-1 (N-H/O-H stretching) and 1700-1500 cm-1 (C=O stretching). SDS-PAGE revealed pure keratin bands (10-15 kDa), while SEM showed layered, porous morphology suitable for biomaterial applications. Thermogravimetric analysis, furthermore, identified three degradation stages occurred at 0-200°C (3.05% loss), 200-400°C (39.37% loss), and 400-700°C (31.13% loss). Amino acid profiling revealed high L-cystine content (153,064.90-156,926.33 mg/kg) with the significant amounts of glycine (63,958.25-64,064.73 mg/kg), L-proline (77,631.16-77,717.42 mg/kg), and L-leucine (59,111.43-59,198.60 mg/kg). In silico molecular docking studies identified leucine as a promising procollagen N-endopeptidase inhibitor (binding energy -5.0 kcal/mol), which controlled the collagen-breaking and forming process. This ability makes keratin potential to be developed as a scaffold for bone tissue regeneration in medical industry. © 2025 Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia. All rights reserved.
Department of Chemistry, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, 60231, Indonesia; Department of Biology, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, 60231, Indonesia; Department of Medical Science, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, 60231, Indonesia
