Eko Risdianto, Rahdi Rahdi, Danny Rizki Nugraha, Mageswaran Sanmugam, Deshinta Arrova Dewi, Hera Anis Kartika, Jeni Fitria, Agus Sumantri, Andi Kristanto
This study aims to develop a cost-effective Arduino-based automatic hybrid camera track mounting system to support hybrid learning environments in educational institutions with limited budgets. Employing a research and development approach based on the ADDIE model, the system was designed, simulated using SolidWorks, and tested in real classroom settings involving 307 students and 40 lecturers from 13 universities in Indonesia. Validation by expert evaluators resulted in an overall feasibility score of 95%, with key indicators such as efficiency (97%), durability (96%), and precision (97%) rated as highly feasible. Mechanical simulations demonstrated the device’s strong structural integrity, with a safety factor exceeding 600, ensuring operational reliability. The developed system provides an affordable, lightweight, and easy-to-assemble solution for hybrid learning implementation, promoting wider access to smart classroom technology and supporting digital transformation in education. © 2025 by the author(s).
Doctoral Program in Education, University of Bengkulu, Kota, Bengkulu, 38122, Indonesia; Department of Physics Education, University of Bengkulu, Kota, Bengkulu, 38122, Indonesia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bengkulu, Kota, Bengkulu, 38122, Indonesia; Centre for Instructional Technology and Multimedia, University of Science Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, 11800, Malaysia; Center for Data Science and Sustainable Technologies, INTI International University, Nilai, 71800, Malaysia; Belmawa, Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi, Pusat, Jakarta, 10270, Indonesia; Educational Technology Study Program, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, 60213, Indonesia
