Femiana Gapsari, Andita Nataria Fitri Ganda, Nurkholis Hamidi, Ari Wahjudi
Biomass-based graphene bionanocomposites were a promising alternative to conventional graphene synthesis methods, offering a sustainable and affordable alternative. Various methods have been developed to extract graphene from various carbon sources, including biomass. These bionanocomposites had applications in electrically conductive materials, energy storage devices, aerogels, membranes, tissue engineering, and drug delivery. However, challenges such as producing high-quality graphene through pyrolysis remain, resulting in unstructured layers. Future research should focus on more effective and environment-friendly techniques, optimizing pyrolysis conditions, exploring novel catalysts or additives, and exploring alternative biomass feedstocks with higher carbon content. Addressing these critical issues will increase the economic feasibility and widespread acceptance of biomass-derived graphene bionanocomposites. © 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved..
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia; Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
