Khusnul Khotimah, Ali Nur Fathoni, Alfredo Arianto Permana Putra, Meini Sondang Sumbawati, Bambang Suprianto, Tri Wrahatnolo, Siti Anisa, Yuli Sutoto Nugroho
Agriculture is a vital sector in ensuring food security, yet it still faces challenges such as limited labor, low efficiency, and reliance on traditional methods. Along with the development of the Industrial Revolution 4.0, the concept of smart farming emerges as a solution by integrating digital technology and automation. This research aims to design and develop a prototype of an automatic seed planting robot based on the ATmega32 microcontroller as an innovation to support modern agriculture as well as a learning medium in engineering education. The research method applied is Research and Development (R and D), consisting of stages of design, construction, and performance testing. The robot is designed to carry out systematic planting processes including hole digging, seed placement, and soil covering, which are controlled via a remote-control system. The experimental results show that the prototype responds to commands quickly (less than 1 second), achieves a seed planting accuracy rate of 90% from 10 trials, and completes one planting cycle in approximately 3 seconds. These findings demonstrate that simple automation technology can significantly improve the efficiency, accuracy, and effectiveness of small- to medium-scale farming processes. Moreover, this study provides a contextual learning medium that bridges microcontroller theory with its real-world application in agriculture. Future development is directed towards integrating soil sensors, GPS, and IoT-based remote systems to further enhance accuracy and broader applicability. © 2025 IEEE.
Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Department of Electrical Engineering Education, Faculty of Engineering, Surabaya, Indonesia; Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Department of Vocational Education Graduate Program, Surabaya, Indonesia; Universitas Negeri Surabayax, Department of Vocational Education Graduate Program, London, United Kingdom; Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Department of Cosmetology Education, Faculty of Engineering, Surabaya, Indonesia; School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
