Galuh Alfisyah, Erina Ellen Rusmana, Tiara Rahma Putri Kusuma Dewi, Rizal Ihza Mahendra, Yurizka Melia Sari
21st-century learning demands innovative approaches to developing students' critical thinking skills. One approach that is widely discussed is project-based learning (PBL) combined with STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education. This research aims to develop and validate STEM-integrated PBL lesson plans to improve students' critical thinking skills. The method used in this research is the development phase of the ADDIE model. Three experts validated the lesson plan using a validation instrument with a Likert scale. The validation results show that the lesson plan has a high Aiken validity index, with a score between 0.82 and 0.93, which means that this lesson plan is considered very valid. Based on these results, the STEM-integrated PBL lesson plan is expected to be used as a learning alternative to improve students' critical thinking skills. © 2025 Author(s).
Departement of Mathematics Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Surabaya State University, Surabaya, Indonesia; Departement of Biology Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Surabaya State University, Suarabaya, Indonesia
