Nur Ikhfan Efendi, Nurhayati Nurhayati, Nurulazlina Ramli, Atul Varshney
— Wireless communication technology, especially Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs), has rapidly developed infrastructure in the health and telecommunications sectors that can be used to send personal data in health, military, natural disaster, sports, entertainment, and other fields. The need for flexible, efficient, and body-compatible antennas for WBAN devices is therefore becoming increasingly critical. This paper proposes a rectangular microstrip patch antenna fabricated using flexible textile material, featuring a rectangular slot and an integrated metasurface structure to enhance bandwidth performance at the 2.4 GHz ISM band for health-related Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The optimised textile metasurface antenna achieves a wider bandwidth compared to existing textile antenna designs due to the addition of the metasurface. The antenna is simulated with three configurations: without metasurface, with 3×3 metasurface, and with 4×4 metasurface. Key performance parameters such as bandwidth, S11, and gain are analyzed. Simulation results show that the antenna with the 4×4 metasurface configuration provides optimal performance at 2.4 GHz, achieving a S11 of – 49.53 dB, a bandwidth of 810 MHz (1.98–2.79 GHz), and a gain of 2.68 dBi. These results demonstrate that the proposed metasurface-integrated textile antenna offers significant improvements in bandwidth, supporting its application in WBAN and IoT-based remote health monitoring systems. © 2025 IAMOT.
Electrical Engineering Department, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia; Centre for Advanced Electrical & Electronic System (CAEES), SEGi University Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; ECE Department, FET, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Uttarakhand, Dehradun, 248002, India
