Abdul Rohim Tualeka, Velu Perumal, Salsabila Novianti, Gurendro Putro, Aceng Ruyani, Dina Keumala Sari, Dimas Rahadian Aji Muhammad, Dewi Rokhmah, Nur Mukarromah, Tri Niswati Utami, Rizky Rahadian Wicaksono, Rachmy Rosyida Rois, Ellyza Setya Maryiantari, Susmiati Susmiati, Aris Santjaka, Suardi Zurimi, Hairudin Rasako, Mintje Maria Nendissa, Eko Nurmianto, Pipid Ari Wibowo, Hardi S. Ikhram, Rizaldy Fathur Rachman, Umi Salmah, Roy Januardi Irawan, Sunardi Sunardi, Rizky Maharja, Aisy Rahmania, Kurnia Ardiansyah Akbar, Syahrotun Nisa S. Farhana, Jihan Faradisha, Iswari Hariastuti, Bachtiar Chahyadhi, Lukman Handoko
Xylene exposure is influenced by worker characteristics and the quality of the work environment. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between xylene exposure, blood profiles, and neurotoxic complaints among printing workers in Surabaya. An observational, cross-sectional design was employed, involving 30 workers who met the inclusion criteria. Data collection methods included questionnaires, documentation, interviews, and measurements. The independent variables were the concentration of xylene in the work environment (used to assess the intake dose) and worker characteristics such as age, years of service, working hours, nutritional status, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), smoking habits, and exercise habits. The dependent variables included blood profiles (erythrocytes, platelets, leukocytes, LDL, and cholesterol) and neurotoxic complaints. The results revealed that xylene concentrations were still below the threshold limit value. A total of 16 workers (53.3%) reported experiencing neurotoxic complaints. Blood profiles (erythrocytes, platelets, leukocytes, LDL, and cholesterol) remained within the normal range. Statistically significant relationships were found between xylene intake dose and neurotoxic complaints, between xylene intake dose and blood profiles, and between worker characteristics and neurotoxic complaints. To mitigate risks, it is recommended that printing companies improve ventilation systems, ensure safe working environments, promote a culture of health and safety, conduct regular health checks, and provide appropriate PPE for workers. © 2025 by SPC (Sami Publishing Company).
Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Public Health Faculty, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia; Jabatan Rekabentuk Perindustrian Fakulti Rekabentuk dan Senibina, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang Selangor Darul ehsan, 43400, Malaysia; Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga University, East Java, Surabaya, Indonesia; Center Research for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia; Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Bengkulu University, Jl. WR. Supratman, Kandang Limun, Kec. Muara Bangka, Bengkulu, Hulu, 38371, Indonesia; Tropical Medicine Program Study, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia; Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir Sutami 36A, Surakarta, 57126, Indonesia; Department of Health Promotion and Behavior Science, Faculty of Public Health, University of Jember, East Java, Jember, Indonesia; Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah of Surabaya Surabaya, Indonesia; Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia; Environmental Healthy, Science of Healthy Faculty, UNISLA East Java, Jl. Veteran No. 53A, Lamongan, Indonesia; Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Faculty of Sport Science, State University of Malang, Malang, Indonesia; Occupational Health and Safety Study Program, Health Polytechnic of Kerta Cendekia, East Java Province, Sidoarjo, Indonesia; Nursing Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kadiri University, Kediri, Indonesia; Health Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Nursing, Poltekkes Kemenkes Maluku, Maluku, Indonesia; Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia; STIKES Bhakti Husada Mulia Madiun, Madiun, Indonesia; Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia; Politeknik Kesehatan Bhakti Pertiwi Husada Cirebon, Cirebon, Indonesia; Faculty of Public Health, University of North Sumatra, Indonesia; Sports Science Department, Sports Science Faculty, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia; Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Universitas Karya Persada Muna, Southeast Sulawesi, Muna, Indonesia; Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Universitas Sulawesi Barat, Majene, Indonesia; Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Darussalam Gontor, East Java, Ponorogo, Indonesia; Department of Occupational Health, Public Health Faculty, Jember University, Indonesia; Occupational Health and Safety, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 Kentingan, Jawa Tengah, Jebres, Surakarta, 57126, Indonesia; Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Vocational School, Sebelas Maret University Surakarta, Surakarta, Indonesia; Representative of the National Population and Family Planning Board of East Java Province, Indonesia; Politeknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
