Rizka Utami, Muhammad Hisyam Habani, Sunaryono Sunaryono, Munasir Munasir, Nor Suriani Sani, Erlina Yustanti, Dahlang Tahir, Ahmad Taufiq
In recent years, chemotherapy has been widely reported as a treatment for cancer. However, most patients experience side effects of chemotherapy due to direct exposure of drugs such as doxorubicin to body tissues. This work seeks an effective magnetic-based drug delivery system, where the system can maximally load the drug and is able to release the drug in a controlled manner. In this study, the magnetite/hydroxyapatite/chitosan nanocomposite was synthesized through the coprecipitation route, utilizing the natural resources of iron sand and serai snail shells. The crystals formed are sized 9.22–9.63 nm for magnetite and 7.94–8.70 nm for hydroxyapatite. Infrared analysis has shown the presence of M–O, OH–, PO43–, and NH2. Additionally, morphology of the magnetite/hydroxyapatite/chitosan nanocomposite consists of spherical particles with a size of 28.1–32.3 nm. Composition of chitosan reducing the band gap energy. The nanocomposites showed superparamagnetic with a saturation magnetization of 8.9–11.1 emu.g–1. Antibacterial activity investigations revealed that the nanocomposites formed an inhibition zone diameter of 2–8 mm. Doxorubicin was successfully loaded with a drug loading efficiency ranging from 76 to 82%. Based on the release kinetics, doxorubicin demonstrated a rapid release with maximum value within the first 135 min. Therefore, this study has successfully developed a drug delivery system responsive to magnetic fields, capable of loading high-capacity drugs and releasing them at target sites, thereby positioning this material as a promising candidate in cancer treatment systems. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.
Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Departement of Physics, Universitas Bangka Belitung, Bangka Island, Indonesia; Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, 60231, Indonesia; Department of Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Research Innovation), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Skudai, 81310 UTM, Malaysia; Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Sultan Agung Tirtayasa University, Banten, 42435, Indonesia; Department of Physics, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makasar, 90245, Indonesia
